I. Tulafono Fa'atulafonoina o le FERC 2222 & V2G
O le Poloaiga a le Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) 2222, na faʻatulafonoina i le 2020, faʻafouina le tufatufaina atu o punaoa malosi (DER) auai i maketi eletise. O lenei tulafono fa'atulafonoina fa'atulafonoina Fa'alapotopotoga Fa'asalalau Fa'aitulagi (RTOs) ma Independent System Operators (ISOs) e tu'uina atu avanoa maketi i DER aggregators, fa'atasi aloaia le Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology i faiga fa'atau eletise mo le taimi muamua.
- E tusa ai ma faʻamaumauga a le PJM Interconnection, o V2G aggregators na ausia le $ 32/MWh tupe maua mai auaunaga faʻatonutonu masani i le 2024, e fai ma sui o le 18% tupe faʻaalu i luga o punaoa faʻatupu masani. O mea taua e aofia ai:Ave'esea Avanoa Avanoa: Fa'aiti'itia le aofa'i o le auai mai le 2MW i le 100kW (fa'atatau i le 80% o V2G fuifui)
- Fefa'ataua'iga Cross-Node: Fa'ataga le fa'asiliina o ta'iala mo le fa'atauina ma le tu'uina atu i le tele o node tau.
- Fa'ailoga Fa'asinomaga Lua: E mafai ona lesitala le EV e fai ma uta ma fa'atupulaga puna'oa
II. Vaega Autu ole V2G Tulaga o Tupe Maua
1. Tupe Maua Auaunaga Maketi
• Fa'atonu Fa'atonu (FRM): Fa'amauina le 55-70% o le aofa'iga o tupe maua V2G, e mana'omia le ± 0.015Hz sa'o i maketi a le CAISO
• Tupe Fa'aaitalafu: E totogi e NYISO le $45/kW-tausaga mo le avanoa V2G
• Malosiaga Arbitrage: Fa'atupuina le eseesega o tau o le taimi e fa'aoga ($0.28/kWh le vanu pito i luga ole PJM 2024)
2. Faiga Fa'avasegaina o Tau
3. Meafaigaluega mo le Pulega o Tulaga lamatia
• Aia Tatau mo le Fa'asalalauina o Tupe (FTRs): Loka i tupe maua o lo'o pisi
• Mea e maua mai i le Tau: Fa'afefeteina le lelei o le maa fete'ena'iga i taimi o le vevela tele
• Blockchain Smart Konekarate: Fa'agaoioi taimi tonu fa'amautu i maketi ERCOT
III. Iloiloga Fa'atusatusa o Fa'ata'ita'iga o Tupe Maua
Fa'ata'ita'iga 1: Vaeluaga Fa'amau
• Fa'ata'ita'iga: Fa'amataina/ta'avale va'a
• Tulaga Su'esu'ega: Fa'aeletise Amerika & Amazon Logistics (85/15 tagata fa'afoe/vaega e ona)
• Tapula'a: E le maaleale i le fesuisuiai o tau o maketi
Fa'ata'ita'iga 2: Fuafuaga Fa'aola
• Fuafuaga:
Tupe maua a le Pule = α×Spot Price + β×Capacity Payment - γ×Degradation Tau (α=0.65, β=0.3, γ=0.05 alamanuia averesi)• Fa'amanuiaga: Manaomia mo fesoasoani a le feterale a le polokalame NEVI
Fa'ata'ita'iga 3: Fa'ata'ita'iga Fa'avae Tulaga
• Fa'afouga:
• Tuuina atu e le Ford Pro Charging tusi faamaonia o le auai
• 0.0015% o galuega faatino ile MWh
IV. Tausia Lu'i & Fofo
1. Fa'amatalaga Fa'amatalaga Manaomia
• Fa'ata'ita'iga fa'ata'ita'iga fa'ataimi tonu NERC CIP-014 (≥0.2Hz sampling)
• Su'etusi auala e fa'aaoga ai FERC-717 tali poloka poloka fa'amaonia
2. Puipuiga ole Maketi
• Algoritimi tau fefa'ataua'iga e fa'ato'ilaloina e iloa ai fa'ata'ita'iga fa'aletonu
• 200MW tulaga fa'atapula'a mo le fa'aputuga i NYISO
3. Fa'aoga Maliega Taua
• Tuusaunoaga o le ma'a (>300 ta'amilosaga fa'aletausaga)
• Fa'atulafonoina aia tatau fa'ate'a i taimi o fa'alavelave fa'afuase'i (tausi a le setete)
V. Alamanuia Tulaga Su'esu'ega
Mataupu 1: Poloketi Faaitumalo Aoga Kalefonia
• Fa'atulagaina: 50 pasi eletise (Lion Eletise) fa'atasi ai ma le teuina o le 6MWh
• Vaitafe o Tupe Maua:
82% CAISO fa'atonutonu taimi
13% fa'aosofiaga SGIP
ο 5% fa'aola pili pili
• Vaevae: 70% itumalo / 30% fa'afoe
Tulaga 2: Tesla Virtual Power Plant 3.0
• Fa'afouga:
ο Tu'ufa'atasiga Powerwall & EV maa
ο Fa'ato'a lelei le teuina (7:3 fua o le fale/ta'avale)
2024 Fa'atinoga: $1,280 tausaga ta'itasi/fa'aoga tupe maua
VI. Fua'iga & Va'aiga i le Lumana'i
Tulaga Fa'asologa:
SAE J3072 fa'aleleia (500kW+ fa'atonuga e lua)
IEEE 1547-2028 faiga fa'amuta fa'atasi
Pisinisi Fa'ata'ita'iga Fa'afouga:
Fa'aitiitiga fa'ainisiua fa'aaoga (Fa'agasolo pailate)
Tupe maua kaponi (0.15t CO2e/MWh i lalo ole WCI)
Atinae Faatonutonu:
Fa'atonu a le FERC V2G alavai (2026 fa'amoemoe)
NERC PRC-026-3 cybersecurity framework
Taimi meli: Feb-12-2025